Pregnancy Complications for the NCLEX: Preeclampsia, Placenta Previa, and More
Review major pregnancy complications including preeclampsia, placental abruption, and gestational diabetes.
Preeclampsia
Classic triad: Hypertension (≥140/90), proteinuria, edema after 20 weeks. Severe: BP ≥160/110, headache, visual changes, epigastric pain, HELLP syndrome.
- Treatment: magnesium sulfate (seizure prevention), antihypertensives, delivery
- Monitor: DTRs, urine output, fetal status
- Magnesium toxicity signs: absent DTRs, respiratory depression, decreased urine output. Antidote: calcium gluconate
Placenta Previa
Placenta covers or partially covers the cervical os. Painless bright red vaginal bleeding. NO vaginal exams. Bed rest, monitor for hemorrhage. C-section delivery.
Placental Abruption
Premature separation of placenta. Painful, dark red bleeding (may be concealed). Board-like rigid abdomen. Emergency - immediate delivery.
Gestational Diabetes
Glucose intolerance developing during pregnancy. Screen at 24-28 weeks. Management: diet, exercise, insulin if needed. Monitor fetal macrosomia.
Review our Maternal-Newborn cheat sheet and Prenatal & Postpartum deep dive.